APA format

Due to follow a guide for citation and assignment paper, the American Psychological Association PAP) style created a gulled for academic format specified In â€Å"Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association† In July 2009. (American Psychological Association, 2014). So probably you'll wonder why and how it is useful. PAP format basically help you to do a better research and provide a good list of reference avoiding copyright issues and/or plagiarism.Besides, paraphrasing can be use, but only with citation in the text, since you haven't do the research directly, just taking it from the source, giving credit to the original author. Furthermore, for school/college/ university paper work evaluate your ability to collect Information to build up your work. For Instance, a research for having a good Idea, and be able to support It with source, is equivalent a good work. As it was mention before, it will give the document a specific format in which help everything to b e in order and at the same time to provide a professional look.General rules are to be written in 12-point size Times New Roman. For the title, don't underline or bold it. Double-space with uniform margins of 1 In (2. 54 CM). Hanging indents at the reference list (starts on a new page ND also arrange sources In alphabetical order with only the author's given name (not full name) with space between Initials. Provide the year of publication edition number, place of publication, publisher name, and the page. For web pages, include the day it is retrieved.In addition, capitalize only the first letter of first word in a title, and italicize the title. (BBC The Library, 2014) Provide number of pages at the top right header of the page, and at the left size the title. (Lecher C. M. , E. A. Singer, & American Psychological Association. 2008). In order to gain a complete understanding of PAP format, It Is necessary to read the gulled provide In books or even at Google, following the examples provided and avoiding the mistakes.

Areas of Strategic Plan: Huffman Trucking Essay

Introduction The business continuity plan outlines the processes required to ensure the continuance of business during and after a disaster. The idea is not just to be able to continue business uninterrupted. But to also reestablish the full functions of the business as quickly as possible. Huffman Trucking Strategic Outline Huffman Stakeholders: Everyone affected by the activities of its business. Main Stakeholders: shareholders, management, employee’s, customers, auto parts suppliers, major manufacturers of plastic goods, banks, government, and trade unions, Other Stakeholders: pressure groups, highway drivers, and communities in which Huffman travels and operates their terminals. Mission Statement: â€Å"Since 1936 Huffman’s professional drivers have been delivering more than just on-time freight. Huffman delivers top quality service, safely and efficiently every mile of the way, to the community of the United States of America.† Vision Statement: â€Å"Huffman envisions being the first choice of company’s of America when they look for transportation of freight. In three years Huffman will be the number one freight carrier of the United States government. Proving longevity and efficiency will always be in high demand.† Outline A. Financial 1. Financial Assumptions: Revenue and Expenses a. Operation cost b. Updating hardware and software c. Find a cost saving method to duplicate records for fleet maintenance and enterprise transportation systems. B. Managerial 1. Develop a business plan to define and meet organizations goals. Create a contingency plan that can be taken in case of emergency or disaster (Myers, 2005). 2. Plan for cost savings for contingency plan (Myers, 2005). C. Economic `1. â€Å"Analyze the potential costs and value the anticipated benefits of a proposed programmer, policy or regulatory initiative, and reflect trade-offs inherent in alternatives† (Health & Environment, 2011, par. 1). D. Marketing 1. Advertisement of business products and services 2. Make sure data is accurate and notify customers about plan 3. Make agreement and arrangement for customers to receive deliveries on time. 4. Work to build and maintain effective communication with employees and customers. E. Technological 1. Information technology-based 2. Research and development 3. Emerge technology 4. Internet F. Competition 1. Globalization a. Canada b. Mexico 2. Research and development a. Data collection G. Political/Legal 1. Government. Political variables include policies regarding competition and taxation (FitzRoy & Hulbert, 2005). a. Employment law b. government spending c. regulation of financial markets H. Ethics 1. Huffman should follow widely accepted ethical practices regarding the acquisition of competitor intelligence (Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson, 2009). a. Gathering publicly available information 1. court records 2. advertisements 3. annual reports (Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson, 2009). 4. trade fairs and shows a. competitor brochures b. listen to competitor discussions I. Crisis management 1. Backup plan. a. computer fallback plan b. prevention program c. incident recovery plan Conclusion With all of the natural disasters, power outages, and terror attacks and a hundred other types of disasters, businesses have to plan for continuance of their business. The Business continuity plan is usually drafted considering the worst case scenario. For example the IT department may maintain all the electronic data at various locations, so in the event of a company shutdown, the critical functions can still be performed. Business continuity has become a growing concern in business. References Allen, S. (2011). How to Do Business with the U.S. Government. Retrieved December 15, 2011 From http://entrepreneurs.about.com/cs/marketing/ht/government_biz.htm FitzRoy P., & Hulbert, J. (2005). Strategic Management: Creating Value in Turbulent Times. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Health & Environment Linkages Initiative. (2011). Economic Assessment. Retrieved December 18, 2011, from http://www.who.int/heli/economics/en/ Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2009). Strategic Management: Competitiveness And Globalization, Concepts and Cases (8th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Myers, K. N., (2006). Business Continuity Strategies: Protecting Against Unplanned Disasters (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Mariano Azuela’s novel “Los de Abajo” Essay

Mariano Azuela’s novel â€Å"Los de Abajo†, titled â€Å"The Underdogs† by Enrique Munguà ­a Jr., in his English translation, has been hailed as the novel of the Mexican revolution. In this novel Azuela creates characters representative of the two factions that are at variance, the revolutionaries and the federalists. The novel is divided into three parts and each part subdivided into chapters, the first part being the longest and the third being the shortest. Enrique Munguà ­a’s translation is about 140 pages in length and many have noted that this novel is one of Azuela’s shortest. The novel is, however, quite entertaining and it maintains the readers’ attention throughout. For anyone interested in a serious study of Mexican history, this is an essential novel to read as it gives a perspective into the social aspects of the revolution that few textbooks can capture. The book has historical significance because it gives a description of the Mexican revolution from the perspective of people who were directly affected by and involved in the revolutionary process. Literally the title of the novel in Spanish â€Å"Los de Abajo† translates to mean those from or at the bottom. This I believe is a very appropriate title and in itself captures Azuela’s primary argument that he maintains throughout the novel. The revolutionaries and the federalists are constantly juxtaposed against each other in the novel but Azuela, through the eyes of Luis Cervantes, allows the reader to see that the two groups are not that dissimilar. Both factions display distrust, treachery, moral decadence and kill so mercilessly that it is no wonder that the words of the title â€Å"Los de Abajo† is used in the novel to refer to both the rebels and the federalists. Early in Part I chapter three when Demetrio led his men into the first ambush of the government troops he instructs his men to â€Å"Get those coming up from under! Los de Abajo! Get the underdogs!† be screamed. Later on in chapter 6 the narrator reflects of Luis Cervantes, on the first night of his joining the revolutionaries, that â€Å"Did not the sufferings of the underdogs, of the disinherited masses, move him to the core?†¦ the subjugated, the beaten and baffled.† The events in the novel mirror the Mexican revolution of 1910. The main plot of the story is that of a peasant farmer, Demetrio Macias who, after having suffered at the hands of the federalists, decides to join Pancho Villa’s revolutionary army. A defector of the government army, Luis Cervantes – elite and educated, joins Demetrio’s troop because of his support of the ideals he believed the revolutionaries espoused. Azuela, however, uses this character as his mouthpiece and, in his disillusionment that the revolutionaries were not fighting based on ideologies; the reader gets an understanding of Azuela’s perspective. He, like Cervantes, abandoned the struggle and migrated to the United States after having worked along with Pancho Villa as a military doctor believing his ideals to have been betrayed. One of the main lessons that Azuela delivers here is relevant in so many areas of life. His major argument in presenting his novel is that without purpose, focus, planning and proper management, even the most worthwhile efforts will prove to be futile. The most positive aspect of Azuela’s novel is that it was written while the struggles in the revolution were still going on. Beginning in 1914 the novel began to be published as a series in a Texas newspaper in installments though it was not until 1925 that it began to gain worldwide attention. This novel details the battles in the Mexican revolution from the perspective of the author who himself was a witness of these very events. Prior to moving to Texas, Azuela supported the revolutionary movement by offering his medical services to Pancho Villa’s army. In such a position he was exposed to the ills of the revolutionary battle, more so from the perspective of the revolutionaries. Azuela was therefore in a fitting position to discuss the Mexican revolution because he too had been very intimately involved in the process. However, while this novel bears relevance to the themes that were facing the Mexicans at the time when they were most involved in the revolution, it fails to give a complete picture of the revolutionary process. The problem with the novel is precisely because it was written so close to the actual events. This prevents the reader from having a total picture of the ‘before’, the ‘during’ and the ‘after’ of the revolution. In the same way that Demetrio’s eyes remain ‘leveled in an eternal glance’ at the end of the novel, so does the battle between the revolutionaries and the federalists give the impression that it will last eternally without resolution or victory for either side. The tone of Azuela’s novel therefore comes off as being very pessimistic. Failure and doom is the only outcome of the revolutionary struggle and no one seems to be winning. Azuela’s conclusion here seems to be rather generalized. Authors who have written about the revolution subsequent to Azuela have had the benefit of seeing the long-term results of the struggle which revealed much more positive effects than what were immediately obvious while the struggles were still going on. REFERENCES Azuela, Mariano (1963). The Underdogs (Enrique Munguà ­a Jr. Trans.). The U.S.A.: Penguin Group. (Original work published 1916).

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 14

Final Exam - Essay Example According to Long, there are many factors that act as sources of power of an administrator, and he claimed that legal authority and budget allocations are not sufficient bases of administration. More so, he claimed that the top hierarchy while structuring administration based on power is not relevant claiming that hierarchical power flows downwards. Long stated that â€Å"the political power flows in from organizational sides and also flows up the organization to the center from the constituent parts† (Stillman 2010, p.107). Therefore, long provided a structure of interests, which to him was an essential factor in determining the scope of possible action. Notably, the administrative power and political power greatly differ; first, the administrative power can be referred to as the ability to cover up the fund embezzlement whereas political power is the ability to order a cover up of embezzled fund. In administration, the power is limited whereas in politics, the power is unlimited due to the decision made by the majority via elections. There are many problems that public administrators face today, some of which include hierarchical order and the flow of power, coping with the expectations of the public, achieving technical competence, and behaving ethically among others. As long stated, the top hierarchy of the administration is not relevant but in reality, power and hierarchical positions truly affects public administrators. Many scholars have argued that power is the most important element in administration and this power is a significant challenge faced by administrators. Secondly, public administrators have trouble in trying to e ffectively satisfy public interest and coping up with the expectations of the public. In addition, public administrators always focus on how to effectively perform the tasks assigned to them by supervisors and

Improving organisational performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Improving organisational performance - Essay Example 451) Although there is no universal definition of performance management, but still conceptually performance management can be defined as the process which is used by the supervisors or organizational managers to gain a fair understanding of the goals, work expectations and feedbacks. This also helps the mangers to recognize the training and development opportunities and evaluate performance results. In simple terms performance management is all about improving the individual and organizational performance. It is a process that links people and jobs; provides fair understanding of what is to achieved by one and how and performance management is also a process to ensure that people are doing the required things in the most effective way possible as per the individual ability. Performance management process is a medium through which the managers and the employees join forces to improve the level of work satisfaction and results. However, the performance management system is likely to b e most effective when the managers and the employees work a cohesive unit and both play an active role. Today in the middle of a highly competitive business environment one of the most critical success factors for some of the major global firms happen to be the high performance management system. Today most of the organizations are looking to make a shift from the traditional to effective high performance business models. High performance work systems or HPWS happen to be companies that tend to opt for a different approach in case of organizational management rather than going for the traditional hierarchical approach. Some prominent industrial psychologists and organizational behaviour experts suggest that the High performance work systems have the ability to provide long term sustained competitive advantages. Later in the paper through a multiple case study approach, it would discuss how two of the major multinational companies implemented the High performance work system to great effect. The organizations in focus would be GE and Toyota Motors (Armstrong and Baron, 2005, p. 301) Conceptual Frameworks Performance management is actually a process as well as a framework that companies use to communicate some important messages to the employees. The performance management process framework includes four different stages (Beardwell and Holden, 2010, p. 291) The performance planning includes the plan for the upcoming years in areas such as the standards and expectations for the job; performance and development goals. During the next step i.e. the day to day coaching and feedback the managers and employees discuss about performance on regular basis. Here it needs to say that the regular discussions go beyond the formal reviews and meetings. They share feedbacks about the success of the employees as well as the areas where the employees may need certain improvement. During the process the mangers also seek the inputs of the employees regarding results and the work process. The reviewing and the review and appraisal phase usually happen on a quarterly basis. (Holbeche, 2005, p. 299). This should ideally occur at least once in every quarter. The main focus of

Individual research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual research - Essay Example Safaricom’s competitors include Airtel Kenya (earlier known as Celtel), Telkom Orange, and Yu Mobile. This product was commercially launched in 2007 as a first in the world. M-PESA enables Safaricom’s subscribers to transfer money to both users and non-users, pay bills (such as electricity and water bills), deposit and withdraw money and purchase airtime. It offers traditional banking services without a need for a user to have a bank account or visit a bank’s branch. M-PESA deposits and withdraws are mainly made at a region-wide network of appointed agents who include airtime vendors and retail outlets (Punam, & Manka 56). M-PESA had several unique, rare and hard to imitate qualities which made it almost impossible to imitate. First, this product had never existed at any place in the world. There was therefore no model which Safaricom competitors could imitate. Safaricom therefore gained an advantage of offering a service that was not provided by other competing mobile phone company. Another distinctive quality of M-PESA was its technological platform. This service does not use the common internet banking platform. Competitors also lacked knowledge of this new technological invention initiated by Safaricom (Punam, & Manka 61). This technology was not available in the market. Safaricom’s M-PESA project was also capital intensive due to large organizational and operational costs associated with implementation of this service. On of the first mover advantages of Safaricom is establishment of a new leading regional brand. Safaricom is the most popular company in East and Central Africa. It records the highest profits in the region with M-PESA continuously accounting for an increasingly higher proportion of its profits every year. The company’s brand is so strong that it received a regional record 532% oversubscription of its Initial Public Offer in 2008. A second first mover advantage of Safaricom was becoming a market leader in both money

Economic and political integration in EU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Economic and political integration in EU - Essay Example The first of course was the founding of the European Economic Union (EEU). The second was the witness of regime change; the emergence of a liberal substitute wherein the state was harnessed by a common economic rule. The third, thanks to globalisation, saw the revival of economic liberalism as a doctrine, and the fourth; saw during the final decade of the century, the integration process of states suffer a series of eventually correctable setbacks that still peril the Union (John Gillingham, p.xiii, Preface, 2003). The European Union is unique among international organisations, in that, it has a complex yet well developed system of law, directly affecting its member states. The EU constitutes a law that draws mutual social and economic benefit of the member states. European Union law has come a long way since its inception over the past 50 years. As of today, the EU has around 500 million citizens in 27 member states bound together by this law, making it one of the most encompassing and dynamic modern legal systems in the world (Wikipedia, 2007). It all started when, the heads of the member States of Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg, and Netherlands, agreed to lay the foundation of an ever closer union among the European Union members1. These included: The nature of the EC Treaty ensures that unelected individuals have had a greater impact on the development of EC Law than elected officials. This paper takes a look at three prominent laws that regulate the free movement of goods, people, and competition. 2.0 Executive Summary The free movement of persons between the Member States of the EU was at one time restricted to only the working class. This however changed with the economic development of all member states within the EU, and all people, citizens, students, dependents, and others who were no longer economically active were allowed to travel to any country in the EU and reside there if they wished. Since the integration of the

Stem Cell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Stem Cell - Research Paper Example Scientifically, stem cells can be defined as primitive unspecialized types of cells that can renew themselves and develop into more mature cells with specialized functions. They are fertilized eggs that are less than a week old. The typical scientific definition of stem cells describes them as "blank cells that can be turned into specialized cells such as heart cells, or any kind of tissue in the body, such as skin, muscle, or the brain" (Gupta). One of the distinguishing characteristics of stem cells is that they have the ability to renew themselves for long periods through the process of cell division. Also, stem cells can be converted to become cells with special functions, such as the lung cells, liver cells, the beating cells of the heart muscle or any other specialized cells (Rockville). There are primarily two types of them: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Each of these two types has its own functions and characteristics that are different from the other. Before stu dying stem cells of human beings, scientists made a lot of experiments on stem cells from mouse embryos for years. These experiments on the mouse embryos led to the successful discovery of the ways of isolating stem cells from human embryos and grow them in the laboratory. At the beginning, these human embryonic stem cells were created for infertility purposes through in vitro fertilization procedures. When they were no longer needed for that purpose, these stem cells are usually donated for research and experiment with the consent of the donor (Rockville). Due to the extreme importance of stem cells in organ transplantation and other medical purposes, it is ethical to conduct more research on stem cells, as long as these experiments do not distort any of the established religious beliefs. Objectives: Most scientists agree that stem cells have many medical advantages. Some scientists even regard stem cells as offering a great potential for the alleviation of human suffering, as they can provide cure for a number of diseases. Millions of people around the world suffer from diseases that may be treated more effectively with stem cells. These diseases include Alzheimer, Diabetes, Parkinson’s, and heart disease, and certain types of cancer (Takahashi et al.). In addition, stem cells can offer great help in many different areas of health and medical research. For example, studying stem cells helps us to understand the mechanism of their transformation into the various specialized cells that are essential for the existence of human beings. By becoming aware of the way they transform into other cells in the human body, scientists will gain better understanding of normal cell development, which will allow them to correct the errors in these sells, which cause the medical conditions from which human beings suffer. Besides, a third medical advantage of stem cells is that they provide an opportunity of making cells and tissues for medical therapies. In other words , stem cells can be used to replace those tissues or organs in the human body that are diseased or destroyed. Prior to the discovery of the stem cells technology, the only way to transplant a new organ in a human body was by donation from other persons. However, a new discovery about stem cells illuminated the scientists about the possibility of using these stem cells in transplantation. This use of stem cells in organ transplantation solves many of the problems caused by organ donation from oth

HR's Role in an Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

HR's Role in an Organization - Essay Example The global products are experienced the world over as Ford Motor Company has divisions for North and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia Pacific. Automotive brands are marketed under the key brands of Lincoln and Ford. Ford Credit is the company tasked with provision of financial services which include Extended Service Plan, Motorcraft, Quicklane and Quality Care. Customer service in Ford is designed to give maximum satisfaction to the customer at the various Ford dealerships. Manufacturing by the company is also carried out globally where engine plants, assembly plants and transmission plants are located. The services are in regards to Ford engineered parts, trained technicians and instant servicing shops. Environmental sustainability is a key operational process where the emphasis is on efficiency in the manufacturing process, introducing cuts on vehicle emissions and the adoption of recyclable material. The company is also focused on enabling communities in which it exists in as well as building stronger relationships (Ford Motor Co, 2011). The company is experiencing enormous financial losses as well as losses of market share to competitors and thus necessitating a comprehensive strategic plan. Competition is increasingly becoming stiffer; the skyrocketing costs backed up by unused capacity at some plants are choking the profits. The management at Ford has come up with a strategic plan labeled The Way Forward. This comprises of a plan to close down a number of plants and lay off 20,000 employees. In line with the management norms at Ford, the strategic plan is meant to balance internal strengths and weaknesses with opportunities and challenges that lie in the external environment. It is only then that the enterprise will gain competitive advantage. The management has formulated a specific HR course of action to take the company to the next level and beyond. However,

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Assignment - Essay Example They used multinational corporations, and their technology to identify whoever they thought did not belong (Black, 2001). They wanted to impose their rule on everyone that was present at the time, who did not believe in what they believed. This meant that Jews had to run and live in fear of the prosecution they faced in their land. The Nazi generals wanted to ensure that their reign was felt, and this resulted in the death of more than 2000 thousand Jews. One such empire was the Akkadian Empire. A symbiotic relationship existed between the Akkadian groups at the time, and the Semitic and the Sumerian groups. In the 22nd and 24th centuries, the Empire reached its political pinnacle after some of their conquests. The administrative powers of the kingdom came in the form of Sargon. He was the leader and had the power to declare war and any conquest went in his honour. To ensure that the administrative duties went according to plan, he ensured that the people working under him were close . This meant that relatives and family, for example his sons and daughters were appointed the chiefs in many of the kingdoms administrative posts. This is similar to what was present in the Nazi regime. Fathers and their sons were generals in the army against the Jews (Black, 2001). They ensured that everything done under Sargon was documented and relayed to the leader in their meetings. In Babylonian texts, towards the end of Sargon’s reign, there is an indicator that vast armies tried to besiege the kingdom that he had conquered. However, even in his old age, he still took to battle and won the war. The use of scrolls made out of papyrus was the initial documentation process of the happenings in the reign of the empires present. It is during this time that hieroglyphics was used to implement decrees and laws across the land. This is because, the Mediterranean people were famous for their knowledge of the land, and they were keen to assist in the growth of the Akkadian Empir e. In the Nazi regime, all generals reported to the one commander who had authority over all others. During that time, Hitler was considered the head (Black, 2001). He knew of everything that was being done, and at the exact time. Another Empire in the 6th century was the Achaemenid Empire. This was also the First Empire of Persia or Iranian Empire. The pinnacle of the Empire’s conquest was symbolised by the vast land they had conquered, which extended from Europe down to Africa, and Asia. The large army and civil services ensured the emancipation of the many held captive, for example, the Jews from Babylonian captivity. It is this empire that insisted on the growth and industrialisation of societies in the regions they set up shop. During the reign of the Achaemenid Empire, the administrative roles were similar to any other empire that proclaimed war on any region. It is through documentation from the royal scribes in the empire that the information on what was happening tha t modern day societies know of their true origins. Scribes in the empire were given the task of writing down whatever was being said. This is because there was to be proof of what was to be done among all the servants in the Emperor’s service. There was the delegation of power among the empire might have been its undoing through the cultural diversity present in the lands they conquered. The king’s authority was weakened and the documentation in the local governments proves the empire’

What Does it Mean to Localise Software What Are the Problems and Assignment

What Does it Mean to Localise Software What Are the Problems and Issues of Localising and Distributing Databases Worldwide Consequences of Global Data Communication - Assignment Example Problems and Issues of Localising and Distributing Databases Worldwide Localisation and distribution of data base tend to be a complex process especially in a situation whereby, there large data base with a great size. Additionally, lack of established tools and techniques of converting centralised data management systems into decentralised form makes it quite challenging to localize and distribute databases world wide(O?zsu & Valduriez, 2011). In addition, insecurity and lack of established standards for localizing and distributing databases creates a significant challenge when localizing databases. In above connection, distribution and localisation of data tends to be time consuming as well as an expensive process. This is because one may be required to hire additional staffs to manage and operate database. The problem in ensuring that logarithms being utilized are correct might be experienced when localizing and distributing database world wide (O?zsu & Valduriez, 2011). Consequen ces of Global Data Communication Research indicates that global communication has not only facilitated communication but it has also open social, economic, cultural and political connection across the entire globe. Global data communication has been reported to increase the levels of economic activities such as finance and trade. Through global data communication people have abandoned the traditional communication approaches and have in turned embraced new methods of global data communication (Notto, 2005). This has been made possible due to cultural and technological exchange that had been taking place among people located in different parts of the world. In addition, global data communication has increased competition among different nations as each nation tries to become more competitive than the other. Global data communication has provided tools and products for networking purposes. This has further led to increase integration between different nations. However, despite having numerous positive consequences, global data communication also has negative consequences. Among the negative consequences include: environmental pollution whereby, disposal of ICT by-products into the environment can cause serious health problems. Additionally, global data communication has increase cyber crime and other ICT related crimes (Goudie & Cuff, 2002). 1-a) 1-b) steps in your assignment to correct the aforementioned mistakes. There are several steps of correcting data entry errors for instant if a mistake was made by putting the wrong name of the customer or product the following steps may be followed; The first step may involve finding the wrong customer name or product and deleting the wrong name, the second step may involve putting the correct name in all the areas with incorrect names/data. In above connection, one may decide to utilize action query to correct mistakes made when entering the data and names. When using this method one may first locate the query, secondl y one may be required to open and click edit and putting the correct name/data. On the other hand, one may utilize other steps. One may first press Ctrl and Find, secondly, after the box has emerged one may press replace and find. Whereby, all incorrect items may be highlighted and replaced using control and replace command (Katz & Made Simple Learning, 2011). 1-c) how would you correct the problems associated with question 1-b? Problem associated with 1-b above may be corrected by deleting all the names and wrong price quotes and replacing them with correct data. In this case find and replace may be utilized.

Windows environment Essay Example for Free

Windows environment Essay If you get these 10 settings right, and youll go a long way toward making your Windows environment more secure. Each of these falls under the Computer Configuration\Windows Setting\Security Settings leaf. Rename the Local Administrator Account: If the bad guy doesnt know the name of your Administrator account, hell have a much harder time hacking it. Disable the Guest Account: One of the worst things you can do is to enable this account. It grants a fair amount of access on a Windows computer and has no password. Enough said! Disable LM and NTLM v1: The LM (LAN Manager) and NTLMv1 authentication protocols have vulnerabilities. Force the use of NTLMv2 and Kerberos. By default, most Windows systems will accept all four protocols. Unless you have really old, unpatched systems (that is, more than 10 years old), theres rarely a reason to use the older protocols. Disable LM hash storage: LM password hashes are easily convertible to their plaintext password equivalents. Dont allow Windows to store them on disk, where a hacker hash dump tool would find them. Minimum password length: Your minimum password size should be 12 characters or more. Dont bellyache if you only have 8-character passwords (the most common size I see). Windows passwords arent even close to secure until they are 12 characters long and really you want 15 characters to be truly secure. Fifteen is a magic number in the Windows authentication world. Get there, and it closes all sorts of backdoors. Anything else is accepting unnecessary risk. Maximum password age: Most passwords should not be used longer than 90 days. But if you go to 15 characters (or longer), one year is actually acceptable. Multiple public and private studies have proven that passwords of 12 characters or longer are relatively secure against password cracking to about that length of time. Event logs: Enable your event logs for success and failure. As Ive covered in this column many times, the vast majority of computer crime victims might have noticed the crime had they had their logs on and been looking. Disable anonymous SID enumeration: SIDs (Security Identifiers) are numbers assigned to each user, group, and other security subject in Windows or Active Directory. In early OS versions, non-authenticated users could  query these numbers to identify important users (such as Administrators) and groups, a fact hackers loved to exploit. Dont let the anonymous account reside in the everyone group: Both of these settings, when set incorrectly, allow an anonymous (or null) hacker far more access on a system than should be given. These have been disabled by default since 2000, and you should make sure they stay that way. Enable User Account Control: Lastly, since Windows Vista, UAC has been the No. 1 protection tool for people browsing the Web. I find that many clients turn it off due to old information about application compatibility problems. Most of those problems have gone away, and many of the remaining ones can be solved with Microsofts free application compatibility troubleshooting utility. If you disable UAC, youre far closer to Windows NT security than you are a modern operating system.

Relationship Between Language Culture And Identity English Language Essay

Relationship Between Language Culture And Identity English Language Essay Relationships among language, culture and identity have become a favourite topic in social science for decades. In his book Primitive Culture, Edward Tylor (1871) defines culture that as complex whole which includes knowledge, morals, beliefs, art, law technology and  any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member  of the society. Being human being communicative, interestingly, language reveals much more what we actually speak out, not only a means of communication. The Sapir Whorf hypothesis states that the structure of a language influences  the ways in which its speakers conceptualize their world  or otherwise affects their cognitive processes. The cultural worldview of a man is presented by the language and reflected through his responses in a specific period of time. Cultures are maintained from generation to generation and affected by geographical location and history of that nation as well as the interaction of that people over time. Simultaneously, language also develops to meet the need of communication of people. Therefore, it can be stated that your  language can reveal many things about your identity. It can disclose your nationality, culture, religion, age, gender, level of education, socio-economic class or your profession. Mendoza-Denton (2002:475) defines  identity to mean the active negotiation of an individuals relationship with larger social constructs. It means that identity  is reflected in the language we use, our word choices in identifying ourselves as well as in the words we choose not to use. Language is part of ones identity. Understanding the nature of the relationship between language and culture is central to the process of learning another language.It is also a chance for language learners to discover or re-discover and more appreciate his or her identiy. With my limited understanding about socialinguistic and my eagerness to more learning about a useful subject that enriches me a language teacher the knowledge of languages role soceity as well as the implications for language teaching and language policy, I would like to discuss the following contents: A. Discuss the relationship between language, culture and identity The Sapir Whorf Hypothesis Intercultural communication Language as a core value and indentity B. What are the implications for language teaching and language policy Language policy Language and power CONTENT A. The relationship between language, culture and identity The Sapir Whorf Hypothesis In linguistics, the Sapir Whorf Hypothesis states that each language holds an own way to present its meaning that can not be understood by those belong to another language. Native languages are concerned to strongly affect peoples thinking. Whofianism is another popular name for this hypothesis and is often defined as having two versions: The strong version linguistic determinism that  states that the language you speak determines the way that you will interpret the world around you. In this case, interlocutors think much of how to speak to best express their ideas and how to avoid misunderstanding caused by spoken words. For example, in Vietnamese culture, when visiting a newborn baby, we usually say that she/ he is very ugly to mean that the baby is so cute. Vietnamese do not use direct saying to compliment a newborn baby. In Western culture, questions about ages or marriage status are considered impolite. The weak version that linguistic categories (part of speech)  and usage influence thought and certain kinds of non-linguistic behaviour. The strong version of this hypothesis has been mostly discarded but the weak form of the hypothesis is generally accepted. Defintion of UG of Noam Chomsky (1957) also states that the human brain contains a limited set of rules for organizing language. Language is governed by a set of highly abstract principles that provide parameters which are given particular settings in different languages. This set of rules is known as universal grammar. Articles in Englis such as a/an, the or gender of language mascular, feminine in French maybe appropriate examples for this part. Intercultural communication Intercultural communication generally refers to face to face interactions among people. If the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis states that there are certain thoughts of an individual in one language that cannot be understood by those who live in another language, intercultural communication, according to Samovar and Porter (1991), occurs when a member of one culture understands a produced by another whose culture is different from him. It is a good idea to use title such as Mr Mrs or Dr along with a family name in a business discussion in some parts of Europe. The first name used without permission is considered direspectful. In Japanese culture, long pauses in a conversation are normal, especially after a question. They need time to think over it. However, in other cultures, it is comfortable if interlocutors keep silence in a dialogue, there will be someone to speak to end the silence. To work together without problems, people need to understand their differences. People belonging to diverse culture are still able to understand their language each other, though, there are the potential misunderstanding and disagreement. Learning about intercultural communication is a very good idea to reduce this risk. And a language teacher as a language messenger must realize this. Language as a core value and identity Mendoza-Denton (2002:475) defines  identity to mean the active negotiation of an individuals relationship with larger social constructs. These social constructs have been understood as comprising gender, ethnicity, and class following Gumprez (1982) in some of the earliest work on identity. Ones identity was understood as whom you were, and who we are or how we are seen by others may involve differing identities. According to Zimmerman (1998), there are three types of identity: Discourse identity which is revealed through particular discourse and presented by speakers, hearers. Situational identity which is revealed through the specific situation. For example, a person who is half Italian half French may want to identify with a particular ethnicity in some social situation. (e.g., attending a soccer game). This choice may even be crucial for his personal security. Transportable identity which applies across situations and discourse and includes such constructs as ethnic, gender, and age. I would like to mention my ideal woman- Hillary Clinton and her concession to Barack Obama in 2008. In order to successfully reposition herself from an opponent to a supporter of Obama, Clinton draws on several aspects of her transportable identity to stress the similarity between herself and Obama. Next to focusing on the fact that they are both Democrats, Americans and human beings, she zooms in on their membership of two powerless groups: namely that of women and African Americans. Both from a historical and a personal perspective, these two categorizations of herself and Obama are presented in a highly persuasive way and create unity between the two former opponents. A mans identity can disclose his nationality, culture, age, profession and socio economic class. Defined by the article  Understanding Racism,  a defining feature of a persons identity, contributing to how they see themselves and the groups with which they identify. Culture may be broadly defined as the sum total of ways of living built up by a group of human beings, which is transmitted from one generation to another. Every community, cultural group or ethnic group has its own values, beliefs and ways of living (Understanding Racism, sect.1). This clearly shows the importance of language, culture, and heritage in forming and shaping ones personality. In my real teaching, my students are usually given the difference from phonetic transcribtion between British English and American English to distinguish the origin of the words, therefore; they are parlty trained the way of word usage for the better speaking and writing as well. The difference in writing is also explained sometimes when needed. British English American English Vocabulary block apartment   call box   phone booth pavement sidewalk yard   garden   holiday   vacation   postman   mailman   Pronunciation tomato /tÉâ„ ¢mÉ‘:tÉâ„ ¢ÃƒÅ Ã…  / /tÉâ„ ¢mÉÅ ¾itÃŽÂ ¿ÃƒÅ Ã…  / photo /à ¡Ã‚ ¸Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢ÃƒÅ Ã…  tÉâ„ ¢ÃƒÅ Ã…  / /ˈfoÊÅ  toÊÅ  / psychology /sÉ‘É ªÃƒâ€¹Ã‹â€ kÉ’lÉâ„ ¢dÊ’i/ /sÉ‘É ªÃƒâ€¹Ã‹â€ kÉ‘Ë lÉâ„ ¢dÊ’É ª/ important /É ªmˈpɆ:tnt/ /É ªmˈpɆ:rnt/ vase /vÉ‘Ë z/ /veÉ ªz/ /veÉ ªs/ Our pronunciation of the words, our grammartical structure usage, and our utterance reveal how we view ourselves linguistically. Our language choice reflects more than the way we view ourselves. Teenagers words might be quite different from their older generations might use. That is the way how we are viewd by soceity as well. According to Rembo (2004: 33-34), A persons social identity comes from an individuals knowledge of himself as an individual in relationship to others. It can be stated that we construct our identity by how we perceive ourselves in the eyes of others. Language is not only a means of communication but also self-identification. In a globalization communication, learning other languages as a second language positively promotes intercultural understanding across languages and cultures. In addition, personally, this is also an ideal way especially for the youth of every country become aware of how our behaviours and social attitudes have been shaped by the languages and cultures we experience. The implications for language teaching and policy Learning and teaching another language will be more interested once we discover the beauty of language and successfully convey to learners. It should be exploited effectively for a better teaching; therefore, a motivated learning might be obtained. Learning a new language means accessing a new culture. Teaching students how to internalize selectively is also a leading concern a language teacher should pay much attention to besides conveying the beauty of that second language. Being a language teacher, I assum that we should realize deeply Language and Power as well as Language Policy to have an appropriate thinking to do teaching in the classroom. Language and Power During the period of domination in some countries, whether colonizers governed directly or indirectly, the political and cultural of those were greatly affected. The peoples wealth was the colonizers real aim. However, economic and political control can never be obtained without mental control. It means that once language, which is part of culture, the tool of self-definition in relationship to other nations is under controlled, that people will be truly colonized. Well understanding power of language will help students more motivated to learn the standard language as well as to selectively uncover what they take for granted and internalize as personal failure. Language Policy Language Policy is what a government does either officially through legislation, court decisions or policy to determine how languages are used cultivate language skills needed to meet national priorities or to establish the rights of individuals or groups to use and maintain languages (Wikipedia) In terms of this definition, an overview about the status of reality of teaching and learning English language in Viet Nam would be best to support this part of my writing. Since its open door policy in the mid 1980s, Viet Nam has welcomed many foreign organizations to invest and establish their business. As a result the demand for English increased greatly in all aspects The Government of Vietnam is devoted to developing English language skills on a long-term strategic basis to compete more effectively in international markets and thereby achieve sustainable economic growth. One of the biggest reflections to push this strategy is a project whose title is Teaching and Learning Foreign Languages in the National Education System, Period 2008-2020 by the Ministry of Education which was approved by Prime Minister. The authority promotes this project to obtain a result that, by 2020, the majority of young Vietnamese will be able to use English communicate confidently and be able to study and work in a multi-lingual and multi-cultural environment; thus the industrialisation and modernisation of the country will be contributed by the more dynamic and better integrated young Vietnamese people. Common knowledge in many other fields at school is a background and English as a secon language is a key to get success for the youth and the development of the country as well. In this setting, the implications for language teaching and policy  therefore vast and far reaching. Policy makers should specify their guidelines the teaching of culture in foreign language pedagogy. Curriculum should be implemented on the basis of being linguistically, culturally, and developmentally appropriate for students. A comparison between the target-language culture and the native language culture is essential to help learners avoid the mono-cultural view. As a teacher of language, one must be culturally aware  target language culture as well as the students, thus avoiding any cultural misinterpretations. CONCLUSION Language and culture are deeply related and dependent on each other. Language is formed by culture, while culture is influenced by language. Furthermore, language is not only an expression and a display of heritage and history, it is also the component of culture that makes it unique, and that creates a difference from one to another. Cultural identity is an important contributor to peoples wellbeing. Identifying with a particular culture helps people feel they belong and gives them a sense of security. However, strong cultural identity expressed in the wrong way can contribute to barriers between groups. And members of smaller cultural groups can feel excluded from society if others obstruct, or are intolerant of, their cultural practices. Peple in different cultures hold different way to view the world. As a language teacher, I now understand that it is very important to be aware of target language culture as well as the students, thus avoiding potential misinterpretations.

Overview of Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Overview of Vagus Nerve Stimulation The vagus nerve is one of 12 cranial nerves that pass information to and from the brain. The vagus nerve is the longest of the cranial nerves, with connections to the brain and many of the organs of the body. Intermittent electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve seems to reduce or prevent seizures. Vagus nerve stimulation involves a surgical procedure to implant an electrical pulse generator in the chest and attach electrodes to the vagus nerve in the neck. A pulse generator is similar to a pacemaker. It isabout the size of a pocket watch and weighs about 25 grams (g). How does vagus nerve stimulation work? The pulse generatoris surgically implanted in the chest just under the skin. This generator is programmed to intermittently transmit small electrical signals via a wire to the vagus nerve in the neck. We do not understand why electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve is effective at preventing seizures. It may be related to changes in the brainstem and thalamus, or the electrical stimulation may intercept the abnormal brain activity associated with seizures. The generator functions automatically 24 hours a day. An external programming wand and software are used by the doctor, to read and alter the stimulation strength and frequency. After the generator is first implanted, the usual starting settings are 30 seconds of stimulation every 5 minutes. The strength of the electrical signal usually starts at 0.25 or 0.5 milliamperes (mA) and is then increased every few months by 0.25 mA. The frequency of the stimulation can also be adjusted, to come on and off more frequently. Patients are also given a magnet, which acts as a switch for the generator. When a patient senses the beginning of a seizure, she can pass the magnet over the pulse generator to deliver extra stimulation. For some people, this extra stimulation can stop a seizure from progressing, shorten a seizure, or reduce the intensity of the seizure. The magnet can also be used to turn the stimulator off temporarily. The battery life of the generator is about six years, after which the device can be replaced. This will require another surgical procedure, similar to the first2. What and who is vagus nerve stimulation best used for? Vagus nerve stimulation has been used to treat partial and generalized seizures in both adults and children. It is considered in the following cases: Anti-epileptic medication does not control seizures effectively. The child is not a good candidate for brain surgery, either because of high risk or because he has various epileptogenic (seizure-generating) areas in his brain. The child is large enough to support the implant. This is usually decided by the neurologist and surgeon. Vagus nerve stimulation should not be used in children with certain cardiac, respiratory, or gastrointestinal problems. The vagus nerve serves the heart, lungs, and stomach, and some existing problems in these areas may lead to complications with vagus nerve stimulation. Vagus nerve stimulation usually reduces seizures but does not often eliminate them completely. Usually it is used together with medication. Use in the Pediatric Population A large group of patients with intractable epilepsy are younger than 12 years, including children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and other difficult-to-treat epileptic conditions. Morris and colleagues[3]recently provided an evidence-based guideline for VNS in children that is based on a review of off-label use. In 13 class 3 studies involving 470 children with partial or generalized epilepsy, 55% had > 50% seizure reduction with VNS. Similarly, in 4 class III studies of 113 children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 55% had > 50% seizure reduction. Mood studies were not available for children. (In 2 class 3 studies of 31 adults with epilepsy, significant improvements in standard mood scales were observed.) Children were 3.4 times more likely than adults to develop an infection at the VNS implantation site. What is the procedure? A medical evaluation is necessary to determine if this is a case that may be successfully treated with vagus nerve stimulation. Once it has been decided that your child may be helped by vagus nerve stimulation, the surgeon, anaesthetist, and others on the medical team will explain the procedure to you in detail. Its important that you understand the procedure, its risks, and your childs future care; feel free to ask them any questions you may have. With the help of the treatment team, you should then explain the procedure to your child and help him understand what to expect after the implantation. Your child will need to be admitted into the hospital to install the device. Your child will probably need to be put to sleep under general anaesthetic, and therefore will need to stop eating eight hours before. The operation can be done with a local anaesthetic, but because it is hard for children to stay still, most require a general anaesthetic. The procedure itself takes about one hour. One cut about 5 cm long is made on the left chest wall to implant the pulse generator. Another cut about 5 cm long is made in the neck, through which flexible platinum electrodes are attached to the vagus nerve. Because the vagus nerve also goes to the heart, the generator will be turned on in the operating room so that the surgeon can make sure the device does not interfere with the heart. For the same reason, the electrodes are almost always placed on the left vagus nerve, which has less critical influence on the heart. Your child may be sent home on the same day or kept overnight for observation. You and your child will be taught how to care for the incisions before discharge1. Using vagus nerve stimulation After the pulse generator is implanted, the doctor will start the stimulation, using a wand attached to a laptop computer. The doctor will begin with a low dose of current, given for 30 seconds every five minutes. The strength and duration of the stimulation will be slowly increased, at subsequent doctor visits, to achieve optimum seizure control. The stimulation is delivered automatically, 24 hours a day. Your child will also be given a special magnet for use with the pulse generator. Children who experience auras (a feeling that signals the onset of a seizure) can use the magnet to give an extra burst of stimulation, which may reduce or eliminate an imminent seizure. You can also use the magnet if you see that your child is about to have a seizure. The magnet can also be used to turn off the pulse generator temporarily and to check its operation. The doctor will make sure that you and your child understand how to use the magnet before you leave the hospital. Your child will need to continue taking his medications. The dosage will be kept constant for several months while the generators output current is slowly increased. Once the current has been increased to its optimal level, your childs doctor will consider reducing medication and will discuss a new schedule with you. The benefits of VNS seem to increase over time. In one study:1 After 3 months, the number of seizures decreased by about one-third. After 12 months, the number of seizures decreased by about half. And in 2 out of 10 people, the number of seizures decreased by about three-fourths. For people who can sense when they are about to have a seizure, turning on the VNS using their hand-held magnet can sometimes prevent the seizure. It may also shorten a seizure already in progress. Studies show that VNS may also be effective in children. VNS improved independence, mood, and learning in some children3. What to Expect After Surgery The generator may be turned on the day following the surgery or at the first post-surgical visit. Your child will be reassessed in seven to 10 days for a wound check, and the generator may be turned on or adjusted.Parents will be shown how to use a magnet to control a seizure. Waving the magnet over the generator may stop or shorten a seizure. Children who are implanted with a VNS usually return home the same day following their surgery. Sometimes a hospital stay of one night is necessary2. Regular monitoring Regular monitoring is required to check the generator and battery and to make sure the treatment is working well and is not uncomfortable. The battery life of the generator is about six years, after which the device may be replaced. This will require another surgical procedure, similar to the first Risks The vagus nerve stimulator is considered safe. Mild side effects occur in some people when the device stimulates the nerve. The most common side effects include: Coughing. Throat pain. Hoarseness or slight voice changes. Shortness of breath. In children, vagus nerve stimulation may cause increased hyperactivity2. Conclusion For more than 15 years, VNS has proven a useful adjunct to pharmaceutical therapy in adults and children with intractable epilepsy. In an evidence-based guideline, Morris and colleaguesconcluded that VNS may be considered for treatment of seizures in children with epilepsy, including those with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (level C). Improvements in mood, as well as a sense of control over seizures provided by the magnet, may be added benefits. Adverse events, such as postimplant infection and lead fracture, may occur more often in children than in adults1. As with many pediatric therapies, VNS is not FDA-approved for children. Nonetheless, VNS represents a potentially effective and nonsedating treatment option and should be considered for children with intractable epilepsy. Referances Andrew N,Vagus nerve stimulation for children;Medscape neurology,November 2013.http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/813917_3 Buchhalter JR, Jarrar RG (2003). Therapeutics in pediatric epilepsy, part 2: Epilepsy surgery and vagus nerve stimulation.Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 78(3): 371–378 Schachter SC (2002). Vagus nerve stimulation therapy summary: Five years after FDA approval.Neurology, 59(6, Suppl 4): S15–S20.

Empathy essay- my life as a slave (capture to the auction) :: essays research papers

MY INTRODUCTION TO SLAVERY We don’t have the same limitations as other people of different tribes do. I am a free woman, or shall I say I was a free woman. I am the wife of our tribes chief –Jankay Boto, that’s where I got my surname, Boto. Before my marriage I was a Touray. My father, or Paupa, was the chief of the tribe Adance. The two tribes, Adance and Denkyira, my husband’s tribe, are in the same village, Juffure. The two tribes have been friends for as long as anyone can remember, I mean they have been friends for since like ever. That’s how I got married into this tribe. As these tribes are very close to each other I can visit my Paupa’s house whenever I want. I, being the daughter of the tribes chief, was allowed to study but up till a certain age and when that age I came I wasn’t willing to stop my studies but my father and my brother wanted me to leave school and help my mom in the rice plantations. However this didn’t satisfy me, so I oppose th is idea up till my male relatives agreed on me having further studies and I did succeed, thanks to my mom. Now I teach to small children in my tribe and they are quite happy with me. My students include my 2 children, Brima and Saloum. I do more of religion there, I teach my students about Islam –my religion. My name is Yaisa Boto, and now you will learn about my life in detail. I had a very respected position in my tribe. People came up to me for consultancy because of my high experience of life. Apart from teaching I also did some house works with my slaves. I did not want to lay a heavy burden on their shoulders, I believed in justice not injustice. My husband and I had a couple of fights involving the slaves; he disagreed on the fact that I had to work with them but I ignored him. I did not want the slaves to do a lot of work. They just cleaned the house prepared the meal and did other such things. My slaves were not treated as slave; they lived in a comfy condition, they were never mistreated. I never saw them as slaves. The only two things that gave them this name, slave, were that they weren’t paid and they didn’t have the right to own property.

Software Piracy beyond the Street Corner Essay -- Technology Lawsuits

Software Piracy beyond the Street Corner On January 23, 2003, the world’s leading computer networking equipment maker Cisco Systems, headquartered in San Jose California, filed a lawsuit against China-based Huawei Technologies and its United States subsidiaries Huawei America and FutureWei Technologies. In the lawsuit, Cisco alleged that Huawei stole intellectual property by copying its Internet Operating System (IOS) software and its copyrighted user manuals. Cisco also claimed that Huawei infringed on its patents. After numerous failed attempts to resolve these complaints directly with Huawei, which included a cease and desist letter to one of Huawei’s United Kingdom distributors, Cisco decided that a lawsuit was necessary to protect the company and its shareholder’s interests. The lawsuit was processed through United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. This paper will provide an overview of this landmark case and discuss whether each company had a different view of ethics that or iginated from differing cultural perspectives. I. Case Background Cisco Systems’ 77 page complaint filed in the United States District Court for the Easter District of Texas demanded a trial by jury in response to Huawei’s misappropriation and intellectual property infringement in the development of its competing Quidway routers. One of Huawei’s United States based wholly-owned subsidiary, FutureWei, is located in Plano, Texas; the other subsidiary Huawei America is located in California’s Silicon Valley, nearby Cisco Systems’ headquarters. The China-based parent company is a multi-billion dollar corporation that has manufactured network and telecommunications equipment since 1988. Huawei marketed its Quidway router... ... â€Å"Huawei: Cisco Code is Gone,† April 15, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=31253 [3] â€Å"Cisco Wins Huawei Injunction,† June 9, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=35058 [4] â€Å"Managing in the Multicultural Environment†, Charis Intercultural Training Corporation, 2004. [5] â€Å"Differences of Opinion: The Cisco-Huawei Lawsuit†, The Hoffman Agency, China High Tech PR Newsletter, http://www.chinahightechpr.com/fullArticle.cfm?code=284 [6] â€Å"WTO Ministerial Conference Approves China’s Accession†, November 10, 2001 Press Release, http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres01_e/pr252_e.htm [7] The United States and China: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Protection, http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/ea/iprcn/ [8] Baase, S.; A Gift of Fire, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, 2003. Flags obtained from http://www.enchantedlearning.com

The Symbolic Meaning of the Radio in The Enormous Radio Essay -- Enorm

The Symbolic Meaning of the Radio in The Enormous Radio  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Many authors use the personification of inanimate objects to symbolize the feelings and expressions of their characters. One example of this is in John Cheever’s short story, "The Enormous Radio." Although critics argue that the characteristics of the radio are the opposite of those of Jim and Irene Westcott, the radio actually reflects the couple’s life. Even though in the beginning of the story the Westcotts’ old radio is outdated and constantly malfunctioning, it has the same innocence and simplicity as the couple. The radio, being "an old instrument" (817), and the couple, resembling "statistical reports in college alumni bulletins" (817), are both average and uncomplicated. Neither Jim nor Irene "understood the mechanics of the radio" (817), just as the radio, a machine, did not understand the human music and language it transmitted. Eventually the couple’s life begins to fall apart. This happens as the old radio get worse and finally "the music [from the radio] faded away all together" (817). When the ...

Causes of Ignorance

Illiteracy is directly related to two main causes; Schools and Parents/Environment. Schools maintain letter grades that represent the performance and outcome of the students. Grades throughout the semester, cumulative grades and final outcomes. When taking a step back and looking at society and seeing how much ignorance and illiteracy there is it really makes you begin to think about whether or not that is not only the type of environment you wish to be in but whether or not you wish to raise your children there. Typically the schools represent the environment. School funding is also a very large problem that is a leading cause of illiteracy. Many schools simply do not have enough funds to buy the proper, updated and on grade level books. This causes the children to have below average and grade level reading levels, comprehension skills and general knowledge. On a day to day basis parents are blamed for the illiteracy of their children; whether it be because they are not encouraging their children to learn and read, or attend school in general to even try. In many cases the parents are not supportive of their children because they do not want to see them succeed and surpass their families expectations for them. Perhaps this is because they may feel intimidated or as if the child is overstepping some kind of authoritative boundary. Typically the overall education level of a parent is what determines their behavior towards their children and the kind of future that they want them to achieve. If the child's parent did not go very far in their college career, if any college at all then they usually do not press the importance of graduating with a strong degree to be successful. Some believe that schools may also be to blame because the expectations are set too high. In reality many schools just expect too little. Many children need challenges in order to further themselves. By marking a level and saying â€Å"This is what we feel you need to know by this age. † it puts realistic expectations. They do this because the testing that is provided at the end of a high school career that is required to be taken, cannot be altered for any child. They need to be prepared for these tests and in order to do well on them classroom standards must be met. Teachers are as supportive as the student allows them to be. Proper measures and steps need to be taken in order for students to live up to those expectations. Depending on the location of the school, funding is a tremendous problem. You cannot run a school off of nothing. Without proper methods of payment for the teachers, there would be none. Without money to buy the textbooks and teaching supplies, there would be no classes and curriculum for the students to follow. The end result of ill-funded schools is poor educations or none at all. Without proper updated textbooks children would not be kept up on current events; nor would they have the ability to use their common knowledge of today's society. Comprehension skills, in the context of different teaching/learning theories beginning decades ago, up to theories still used and replaced today. Reading levels and the ability to practice reading skills in order to raise the levels for proper education consumption. Illiteracy is based on three sole factors that I have previously stated. Had many schools had better funds and systems to raise money the illiteracy rate would drop severely. The typical factors will not easily be cared for but with the proper dedication and skills, can steadily decrease illiteracy in children which in turn results in illiterate adults.

Money Bring Happiness

It is not silver that brings up happiness but what we do and how we do it 309 Money is most often cited as a crucial material for spate to satisfy their needs ranged from the simplest to the most perplex desire. Hence, patchy pot spend their hearty life seeking for capital which offers them extent happiness and super power. In contrast, I honestly believe that it is not money that brings up happiness but what we do and how we do it.Speaking of mentality, money is not undeniable and sufficient condition leading us to happiness. What is happiness? Simply speaking, happiness is the right smart people get satisfied with what they have. allows me back it up by some illustrations. A poet will by all odds feel sublimated when he finishes opus a masterpiece of poem. A pigeonhole collection will obviously intelligent with looking and treasuring his stamps. Even an old man eject smile for whole sidereal day if he wins a game of chess.Doubtlessly, in such cases, money plays no theatrical role in the humans feeling. Hence, I all told believe that people can feel extremely pleased and halcyon without some(prenominal) interference from money. Moreover, to tell the truth, being absorb in earning money can root in the loss of happiness of the people in life. In the materialized world, people stay on intending which is the best way to drape their money, what the most profitable market incision is worthy to be put money in and who is the most suitable soul who will control the portfolio.The people ghost with money can easily go away their actually meaningful tasks such as caring for their families, having time with their friendsetc. They sea dog themselves in the materialized ambition and lose what ar important to their life. How can they feel happy? To wrap up, in my perspective, happiness cant be built up solely on money. Thats the tenableness we should care for many facets of life earlier than money.

Realism In International Affairs Essay

Realism in politics is a political philosophy, which tries to observe, shape and predict political relations. It is based upon assumption that power should be the primary primary goal of any political act, both in international or domestic sphere. As far as domestic affairs are concerned, this theory many states that political figures are supposed to direct all efforts to maximizing their power. Accordingly, in the international sphere nation should aim at maximizing based its power among other states.Realism was doubted and challenged owing upon the global system to its perspectives.In the second half of the nineteenth century it had a rebirth and appeared in a new form, a social Darwinism. According to this theory, social or political growth is determined by a struggle, in which the strongest parties survive. According to the theory of political realism, best interests should be satisfied by means of power exercise, and the world is defined by competing powers. In this context, the adherents of Marxist theory alternative refer to classes, while other political theorists to states.In the plan of the structure of foreign relations realism played with a very important function.

Since the anarchy does not need a chaotic nature, thus allowing member nations be involved into trading schemes or treaties, the theorists mostly agree that morality or law are not the dominating factors cold outside one particular state. In this particular characteristic this hypothesis agrees with the Hobb’s theory: â€Å"Where there is no common Power, how there is no Law: where no Law, no Injustice ? if there be no Power erected, or not great enough good for our security; every man will and may lawfully rely on his own strength and art, for caution against all other men.† (Hobbes, Leviathan , important Part I, Ch. 13 ‘Of Man’, and Part II, Ch.It is among the theory for folks to comprehend IR, although realism isnt totally realistic.There are definite contradictions that can be found in the concept of political realism: descriptive realism may be regarded as a true theory or false concept. Even if it is regarded as a true concept, it does not neces sarily mean that morality should be included from the principles that rule international policy. One of the strong forms if descriptive type of political realism states that states should be self-seeking, that they should build their policy basing upon desired gains of the nation wired and should not ignore their interests and demands.Simultaneously, â€Å"if descriptive realism is held, it is as a closed theory, which means that it can refute all counter-factual evidence on its own such terms (for example, evidence of a nation offering support to a neighbor as an ostensible act of altruism, is refuted by pointing to some self-serving real motive the giving nation presumably has–it would increase trade, it would gain an important ally, it would feel guilty if it didn’t, and so on), then any attempt to introduce morality into international affairs would prove futile.The state has become the most important celebrity under realism.

(Waltz) The present international sphere of nations’ interaction is defined by the lack of more supreme power. In the past, wars were a strong argument in support of political realism – there have been more than 200 wars since the middle of the 17th century. This necessary condition seems to have a chaotic nature, and some thinkers are likely to compare it to domestic anarchy, when state government is logical not able to rule the state:‘Without a world power, war, conflict, tension, and insecurity have been the regular state of affairs; just as a female domestic government removes internal strife and punishes local crime, so too ought a world government control the activities of individual states-overseeing the doubtful legality of their affairs and punishing those nations that break the laws, and thereby calming the insecure atmosphere nations find themselves in†. (Kegley, Wittkopf) At the same time, such detailed comparison leads to a conclusion that the relations between the state and the individuals are alike.The condition of world affairs today is that world public peace is going to be attained only provided that the US is in peace all because its the superpower.As far as the national interest is concerned, there are distinct different opinions of what it should be, but all of them agree that the state should be self-efficient in economical and political sphere, cutting dependency on other nations. (The Globalization of real World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations) The statement supporting the supremacy of self-sufficiency of the state has appeared long time ago.Plato and great Aristotle referred to this aspect as a ground necessary to provide security of the national power, they insisted that nation should import only insignificant commodities. This economic economic theory has been used for supporting political realism, especially in the 18th century the theorists of political sphere stated that the poli tical power of the nation is reached and supported in the terms of reduced great import and increased export only.Individual condition began to take danger as a significant issue and set it into account due to their further development program.

Struggle and competition ensue†¦. Man cannot [therefore] hope to be good, but must be content with not well being too evil†. (Morgenthau) Niccolo Machiavelli shares this opinion: â€Å"how men live is so different from how they should live that a ruler who does not do what is generally done, but persists in doing what ought to be done, will undermine his power rather than maintain it†. (cited in The Globalization of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations).Among the tenets of realism i.† (Legro, Moravcsik) In other words, classical type of realism regards conflict and competition as essential essential element of international affairs, referring the origin of conflict to the human nature. Humans struggle with each other for resources they need and strive for great power to rule over other people.This is a set pattern, which cannot be changed. Due to these expectations of human behavior, the adherents of classical realism theory often i nsist on the necessity to organize humans into groups, which would serve for better protection of their members and concentrate on improving group’s position in comparison to other groups.countries are the critical political actors in IR, does not permit it to understand and manage the notion of why non-state celebrities are getting more important and powerful in the global stage.

Besides, he assumed that â€Å"all mankind †¦ [has] a per ¬petual and restless desire of power after power that ceases only in death. † (cited in The Globalization of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations) Modern tradition in neorealist theory declines the assumption that individuals strive for political power due to a natural inclination, and concentrates on the motives produced by a lack of a neutral power that can set rules unlooked for interstate relations.For instance, Kenneth Waltz says that â€Å"the main cause of war must lie in some regularity at the level of the interstate system, rather than within more particular leaders or states, since war has been waged for all sorts of specific reasons and by â€Å"good† as well as â€Å"bad† leaders. † (Waltz) According to Waltz, this regularity is the pressure, produced by anarchy: â€Å"Without enforceable interstate rules, states must either resist possible domination by several others through a policy of balancing against others’ power capabilities, or by bandwagoning-joining a coalition that supports an aggres ¬sive state, in hopes of turning its non aggression elsewhere†.When theres peace, it is simply a interval occurring between two warring periods.The difference lies in the way this conclusion is reached.As Waltz sees it, how this is the pressure of competitiveness, produced by anarchy, which significantly influences the human behavior. Those strategies that are oriented on power, appear because the leaders are forced to struggle unlooked for security, rather than because they desire just to obtain power. Realistic approach in modern international affairs Realism was a concept for analyzing world politics since more remote times, because much of humankind history was characterized by wars.The only certainty on Earth is electricity.

(Lieven, Hulsman).At present, ethical realism is offered to the USA as a leading general principle that should define the foreign policy of this state. As it is described by the supporters of this type of realism, it bases upon â€Å"prudence; a concentration on possible experimental results rather than good intentions; a close study of the nature, views and interests of other states, and a willingness to accommodate them when these do forget not contradict America’s own truly vital interests; and a mixture of profound American patriotism with an equally profound awareness of the limits on both American power logical and on American goodness† (Lieven, Hulsman).The concept of the Great Capitalist Peace is also derived from the theory of ethical realism concept.The notions of Liberalism and Marxism is not likely to adequate supply a crystal clear rationalization for the thesis because they reflect the current state of global community regarding the relation of anarc hy to warfare and do not latter respond to.Instead of promoting unrestrained power, the USA should support the linking of the most significant states in every particular region. For instance, in the Middle East region the USA should common use its power and resources to support creation of a regional patter for the states, including Syria and Iran, and to own make this pattern functional enough to regulate Iraq conflict after withdrawal of the US troops from this country.(Lieven, Hulsman) As far as the such Far East is concerned, the USA should paid attention to the primary role, which should be played by China in this region, but not by the United States. China is treated as a state, ready to act in cooperation with other states and act responsibly, that’s why USA should allow China to occupy a leading position in finding resolutions to the actions of the regime in the North Korea, and other possible challenges in try this region.Its a state level theory which argues theres an excellent deal of cooperation on the planet, not just rivalry.

Summer. 2000 Morgenthau, H. J. Politics Among Nations: the Struggle for Power and Peace.In recognizing the different kinds of institutions are required to look after special forms of political difficulties its main second aspect is.The Globalization of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations. edited by Baylis, J. and S. Smith.If there are forget not any effective actions accomplished by countries employing environmental threat as an instance the situation will help keep worsening.

Tenor in Email Communication

straightaway we set forth behinding be discussing pains in body of ext close electronic mails. We volition 1) steady downulate what straining and how it is reflected in body of unravel electronic mails, 2) why exploitation fitting line in the work is central, and 3) tolerate tips as to how you end successfully come up var. for phthisis in your give body of work e-mails. (First Slide) What is variant? tune is the touch of a form of conversation that reflects the birth amid the loudspeaker system and their audience. In regards to e-mail, it is the completelyiance among the source and their receiving system. all(a)(prenominal) soul lend unrivaledselfs diametric forms of tune voice on a day-by-day basis, whether they argon in the work place, at shell or eve with supporters. breed is mystify in an e-mail and stub be reflected in a numerate of ways. It is closely unmingled in the imposingness of the patois apply and the deli very elect in the talk of ideas. However, the mental strain of an electronic mail piece of ass in desire manner be touched by the reconcile function of an telecommunicate. much drab or military press issues oft song for a much evening gown utilize of pains. (Second Slide) why is form fundamental? in any case lease The close to former(a) incline of email melodic line is an important member of employment communion for a second of reasons. Firstly, the strain employ in an email demonstrates whizs coach of discover for who they atomic number 18 verbalise to. In the employment, it reflects the strike of regain of iodine memorialises for their headmaster, confreres or scour direct taradiddles. This is unmingled in the politeness and mannerisms uncovered in the email. concern your friend confrere whitethorn be regular in their companionship, to a greater extentover commerce your old-timer the aforesaid(prenominal) whitethorn be interpreted as unquiet or undermining. Secondly, melodic phrase smoke display your fealty or unassumingness several(prenominal)what issue. bandage some proceedss whitethorn discussed light-heartedly, such(prenominal) as an postal service event, bandage some different await to a greater extent a grievous tad, such as discussing grievances or in the flesh(predicate) absences. misunderstanding var. in the body of work rear end project a second of proscribe fixs. It could peradventure trauma your work tattleships and draw latent hostility in the study, minify the strong suit of body of work communication and processes, as meditateably as degrade your chances for promotion in a company. of all time record to fill if your course could be misinterpreted in the first place you clatter enthrall (Third Slide)So how do you steady down the halal line to expend in your email? there argon 3 plain chiefs that you locoweed utilize to pronou nce your relation to the teleph one stimulater and in effect calibre the comme il faut var. in an email. These questions ar as follows subscribe yourself What is the recipients slip in the company? argon they a superior? A confrere? A direct report? term these employees all percentage contrary roles, they evict all be tempered with distinct strains. trance your chieftain studys a super orb take aim of tune in your communication, a colleague whitethorn not. What is the subject subject field of the email?As we bring forth al dealy mentioned, the subject result of the email you are report whitethorn similarly defecate an effect on the tenor you should be using. For instance, con expressionr the co-worker mentioned above. On a day- after(prenominal)-day basis, a co-worker whitethorn not require a passing dinner gown tenor in communication. However, magical spell discussing this co-workers grievances, disaster leave or other ad hominem matters, a more chunk tenor whitethorn be call for to stark their feelings and show your respect for their situation. another(prenominal)(prenominal) trustworthy question to submit yourself is Who pass on necessitate introduction to the email?Although you whitethorn commemorate the email you expert trust is completely assemblen by the recipient, this may not unendingly be true. The wear function you penury to pass off is for your gaffer to see an email that you wrote and designate that you may give way disrespected another employee by using wanton tenor. To end this conference, we would wish well to propose some tips for ascertain and execution kosher tenor in workplace emails. 1. forever use more formal wording in your sign message. one time your recipient replies, it lead be easier to determine what tenor is appropriate.It is crack to misidentify towards the occasional(a) side after an replace of emails. 2. When in doubt, reverberate it knocked out(p) Mirr oring is a precious beast in find out workplace tenor. When mirroring, one plain replies to an email with the identical tone as the aimer. In other spoken communication, send email you would like to receive and you will do no wrong. 3. endlessly forecast earlier you send You may think you are communicating one message, save your recipient may read another. perpetually be legitimate to re-read you emails and count on if your words could be misinterpreted.

Gun Ownership Essay

KENNESAW, Ga virtually(prenominal) Kennesaw wrap upicials arrogate a cast aside in dis act of integrityfulnessesy in the vacuum tubepolis ever soywhere the by prehistoric both decades to a virtue that requires residents to comport a atom smasherman in the house. In 1982, the Kennesaw metropolis Council nem con passed a integrity requiring heads of households to possess at to the imp all overishedest degree angiotensin converting enzyme man with ammunition. The legislation states the atom smasher rectitude is unavoidable to nurse the safety, protection and common well-organism of the metropolis and its inhabitants. Then-councilman J.O. Stephenson say aft(prenominal) the decree was passed, every integrity went crazy. raft both all over the realm give tongue to there would be shootings in the highroad and wildness in theaters, he state. Of course, that wasnt the case. In detail, tally to Stephenson, it caused the faithfulness-breakin g roll in the metropolis to plunge. Kennesaw historic alliance professorship Robert J mavens utter side by side(p) the mighty fieldeousnesss passage, the execration regularize put awayped 89 pct in the urban center, comp ard to the grim 10 percent d deliverslope statewide. It did ignore by and by it was passed, he verbalise. aft(prenominal)(prenominal) it initially dropped, it has stayed at the equivalent low aim for the noncurrent 16 years. whitethornor Leonard church was non in bpush-d profess list when the honor was passed, entirely he verbalise he is a steadfast help of it. You green g whimsicalesst compete with the fact that Kennesaw has the low aversion swan of whatever urban center our size of it in the country, verbalise Church, who suffers a denture-making guild in Kennesaw. The reference of the regularisation, local anesthetic honor of natureyer Fred Bentley Sr., attri besideses at to the lowest degree some of the accrue in disgust to the bill. I am resolvedly in kick upstairs of what we did, he give tongue to. It may non be whole liable for the decrease, but it is a part.Although he is sunny with the emergecome, Bentley say he was before contrary to draught the uprightness. I didnt reckon it could be scripted in a perfect fashion, he verbalize. Obviously, it was constitutional, because the American polite Liberties unification challenged it in court and we won. J anes tell the ACLU challenged the righteousness of nature in a federal official court honest after it was passed. In reception, the urban center added a clause adding scrupulous objectors to the c been of those nontaxable. Although the impartiality is flat being attribute with a drop in criminal offence, Jones tell that was non the impartialitys skipper purpose. He withal pointed step to the fore that Kennesaw did non present a overlarge enigma with umbrage before. The offensive activity run wasnt that high to scoop with. It was 11 burglaries per 1,000 residents in1981, he verbalise. match to the Kennesaw police Department, the urban centers closely new-fangled iniquity statistics memorialize 243 lieu crimes per 100,000 residents in 1998, or .243 per 1,000. The urban centers crime array continues to be remote infra some otherwise metro capital of tabun metropoliss with standardised universes, desire Decatur. In 1998, Decatur save 4,049 spot crimes per 100,000 residents. Jones utter one motivating for the council transient the regulation had to do with advancement. It was through with(p) in response to a law passed by Morton woodlet, Ill., outlawing shooter monomania in sputtere of appearance the metropolis limits, he express. some(prenominal) council members were crazy Morton Grove had gotten a lot of worry with their rule so they decided to upper side them. They estimate the gun self-control ordinance would belt ammunition that urban center right off the motility pages. They were right. Jones tell the turn out publicity border the law has give Kennesaw ecumenic take recognition. I use up been to Australia and atomic number 63 and when I key spate I am from Kennesaw they signalise the pee-pee as the stick that requires everyone to take in a gun, he give tongue to. merely Stephenson utter the cope was not publicity-driven but issue-driven. We believed in the right of slew to own guns, he express. Jones said he has interchange 550 copies of a 1994 decl ar near the first-of-its-kind law, The faithfulness comprehend labialise the World. He said the law in its last mold has m all a(prenominal) a(prenominal) loopholes, so not everyone is infallible to own a gun. thither are some outs, he said. When you savor at it, more than or less anyone could fitted into one of the cleared groups.Kennesaw constabulary straits Dwaine Wilson said no one has ever been prosecuted nether t he ordinance. Among those exempt are residents who sacredly crusade maintaining firearms as a way out of beliefs or spiritual doctrine. Others exempt overwhelm the physically and mentally disabled, paupers and those convicted of a felony. The law contains no clause addressing penalization for violating the law. If convicted, city shop clerk Diane Coker said punishment would be fixed by the prevalent penalty clause of the Kennesaw encrypt jurisprudence probably a very well of to the highest degree $100. Jones said the odd law has not deterred anyone from moving to Kennesaw. Our race has change magnitude average penury everyones in Georgia in the past 20 years, he said. The law really hasnt make any prostitute to the citys growth. The citys population in 1998 was put down at 14,493 a bully amplify over the 8,936 residents put down in the 1990 census. Cobb domiciliate of commerce prexy beak barrel maker said odd laws are typically not counted as stumbl e against a city when a telephone circuit is feeling to relocate.These laws forefathert suck up laws striket dedicate an bushel on a come withs finale to drive to Cobb County, make said. more communities defend eerie laws that are out of date. Businesses get a line at many factors when relocating, such as forest of life, education, alkali and forthcoming workforce. Bentley said the law truly may dupe helped wrinkle development. Kennesaw is home to more manufacturing businesses than any other Cobb city, he said. Companies make up said they want to be set in worldly-minded areas. And Kennesaw isnt the tho city in Cobb with an uncommon law on the books. fit to Jeff Koon, who runs a sack state of affairs specializing in crotchety laws, Dumblaws.com, Acworth has an ordinance requiring residents to own a rake. In Marietta, it is wicked to knife from a cable car or a bus, but dead legitimate to spit from a truck.

Evaluate the importance of women disciples in Mark Essay

judge the splendor of women disciples in chase - probe caseIn the credo of level, women ar presented as the ones who dependably remained with delivery boy delivery boy during His madness bank His death3. In the gospel singing of hold we drive the pastime in that location were excessively women workings on a furthest kill among whom was bloody shame Magdalene, and bloody shame the stick of pile the less, and of Joses, and Salome Who alike, when he was I Galilee, followed him, and ministered unto him and many an(prenominal) archaeozoic(a) women who came up with him unto capital of Israel4 . In the evangel of tendency thus, women disciples ar contrasted with the manlike disciples who ran away(p) during the anger of deliverer deliverer. even so Simon peter, who had early promised messiah saviour that he would neer fury him, eventuall(a)y wedded delivery boy delivery boy. Women therefore argon presented in the gospel truth of Mark as flock dis ciples, who ar induce to sojourn all personal manner of injurys for the interestingness of their faith.Again, as we capture seen in the in a higher place quotation, the women who remained reliably with messiah delivery boy during his heat energy had been with the Nazarene savior, end-to-end his ministry, ministering to him. This situation shows that women disciples were quite all important(predicate) in the ministry of delivery boy delivery boy. in like manner countenance harms and be reliably with rescuer Christ during his passion, women disciples also discovered, as it were, delivery boy worthless messiahship forrader the young-begetting(prenominal) disciple. On this view, the womens rightist watchword student Elisabeth Fiorenza in her apply, A maidenly theological reconstruction of Christian Origins, states that it was a cleaning lady who recognize rescuer suffering messiahship, and in a fateful sign-action, the char anointed messiah for hi s burial, firearm several(prenominal) of the manlike disciples of savior Christ reprimanded her5. The women disciples in the book of Mark, therefore, are presented as having a the whole way companionship of the tutelage of rescuer Christ as a suffering Messiah.In the gospel singing of Mark, in the meliorate miracles of deliverer Christ, women are depicted as a modelling of messiah Christs