'Immunology\r'

' penetration to IMMUNOLOGY phase • Subject Agenda* Theoretical part (Lecture): 14. 01—-18. 03—-22. 04. 2013 possible part (Labwork) • area Materials: Textbook (David Male and Ivan Roitt-2006-DIR; Abul Abbas-2007AA), Clips and profits search • [email protected] com. Pass: btiu12345 • Evaluation †midterm Exam, Final Exam, Labwork †Assignment (Home-work, Topic-oriented-In-class discussion, Readand-Present Practice) Contact me at: R501, IU mental synthesis; or via email: [email protected] edu. vn NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY- An X soup What is Immunology? What is Immune dust (IS)? • History of Immunology • kiosks and water-soluble Mediators of IS= ? • Immune chemical reaction- Pathogens (Ags): Innate and accommodative Immunity- Collaboration NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY What is Immunology? What is Immune System (IS)? Immunology is the study of our protection from unconnected macromolecules or invading organisms and our responses to them. Foreign macromolecule/ Antigen ‗ immunizing agent: e. g. virus protein, worm, parasite Everything that should not be in my bodyImmune System: Molecules, prison booths, tissues and organs which provide non item and specific protection against Microorganisms; Microbial toxins and Tumor cells Crucial to gracious survival NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 History of Immunology • Experiential Immunology period • experimental Immunology period • Modern Immunology period Immunology act as an independent subject (1970s) NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 I. Experiential Immunology period (the seventeenth century- the sum of 19th century) In ancient clock times, some serious infection diseases, such as smallpox, cuss and cholera etc, caused innumerable people dead.Plague !!! — pitch-black terminal Disease NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Story of Plague port of Weymouth. The Black Death was iodine of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350, and violent death between 75 trillion and 200 million people Wikipedia Yersinia pestis NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Figure 1. Photomicrographs demonstrating the high bacterial meat of Y pestis in various organs. Top left, A: Tissue Gram stain of a lymph pommel reveals the profusion of neutrophils and large clumps of Gram-negative coccobacilli characteristic of Y pestis (Brown-Hopps, original ? 00). Large clusters of bacteria (arrows) are demonstrate in the alveolar spaces (top right, B), adrenals (bottom left, C), and kidneys (bottom right, D) [hematoxylin-eosin, original ? 400]. Chmura et al. 2003, CHEST, Painful Lymphadenopathy and sudden Sepsis in a Previously Healthy 16-Year-Old young woman NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 ~ 430 B. C: Peloponesian War, Thucydides describes plague †the ones who had recovered from the disease could shield the sick without getting the disease a second time NTTH-HCMIU- IMMUN-2013 In 1670, Chinese medical practitioners : variolationEdward Jennar —-An side of meat physician He discovered that cowpox vaccination protected against smallpox in 1796 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 vaccinum- inoculation Vaccine: A preparation of microbial antigen, often feature with adjuvants,that is administered to individuals to induce protective opposition against microbial infections. Vaccination: A componentral term for immunization against infectious diseases,orginally derived from immunization against smallpox which uses the Vaccinia virus. NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 wherefore do they not want to play with my kids? NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 II.Experimental Immunology period (the middle of 19th century-the middle of 20th century) 1. supple electric resistance In the middle of 19th century R. Koch —-Isolated and well-mannered bacteria successfully Pasteur —-Infectious diseases were caused by pathogens In 1880, Pasteur —-Anti-ch olera live-attenuated vaccinum (old culture of Chicken V. cholera) —-Artificial active immunity Robert Koch Active immunity: The form of adaptive immunity that is bring on by exposure to a foreign antigen and in which the immunized individual plays an active role in responding to the antigen. Louis Pasteur(1822-1895) NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 . Passive immunity In the late mid-eighties of 19th century Roux and Yersin: Diphtheria was caused by exotoxin make growd by C. diphtheriae The denudation of diphtheriae antitoxin and bactericindins Antitoxin—-Antibody (Ab); Exotoxin—-Antigen (Ag) subscribe on reaction of Ag and Ab in vitro —-Serology In 1890,Von Behring and Kitasato —-diphtheriae antitoxin was applied in treatment of Diphtheria —- Artificial passive immunity Passive immunity: The form of immunity to an antigen that is established in one individual by transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from an different(prenominal) individual who is tole rant to that antigen.NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 3. Mechanism of protective immunity Cell mediated immunity(CMI) —â€1883-1884, Metchnikoff: Microorganisms were engulfed and destroyed by phagocytic cells humoral immunity(HI) —-1897,Ehrlich: Ab in serum play important roles in protective immunity two HI and CMI were very important for protective immunity, Ab in serum could promote the phagocytosis of phagocytic cells —- 1903, Wright & Douglas 4. Study on immune-pathology & immune disease In 1902, Richet and Portier—-Anaphylaxis Pirquet and Shick—-Hypersensitivity In 1903,Arthus—-Arthus phenomenon In 1906, Pirquet —- Allergy In 1907, Donath and Landsteiner —-Autoantibody cause autoimmune disease NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 5. Study on antigen In the too soon of 20th century, Landsteiner studied on antigenic determining factor (epitope) —-ABO blood type 6. Study on immunochemistry In 1938,Tiselius and Kabat —-Ab is ? globu lin In the fifties of 20th century, doorman and Edelmen, —-Molecular structure of Ab: 4 peptides 7. Study on immune tolerance: No positive response to specific Ag In 1945, Oven run aground congenital immune tolerance In 1953, Medawar set up animal model of acquired immune tolerance in newborn period. . Hypothesis for Ab formation Templates make do (1930,Breinl and Haurowitz) Variable folding postulate (1940,Pauling) Natural natural selection postulate (1955,Jerne) Clonal selection theory (1959, Burnet):- re-create: a group cells that stem from identical cell NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 III. Modern Immunology period (the middle of 20th century-the 21th century) 1. Study on immune system of rules In 1957, Glick Fabricius found out that Chicken without bursa can not produce Ab —-B cell In 1961,Good and Miller —- Cell mediated immune of new born mice whose thymus gland were taken away are defective —-T cell 2.Study on monoclonal antibody —-In 1975, Kohler and Milstein 3. Study on immune genetics —-In 1978, genetic control of antibody diversity —-Discovery of close apparatus of immune response on gene level (MHC, TCR , BCR) 4. Study on molecular mechanism of T/B lymphocyte activation and steer transduction 5. Study on effective mechanism of immune cells NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 6. Study on clinical immunology Organ transplanting; Autoimmune disease; Tumor immunology; Infectious diseases 7.Study on applied immunology readying of monoclonal antibody and genetic engine room antibody; Preparation of recombinant cytokines; Study on DNA vaccine; Study on treatment with immune cells 8. spick-and-span techniques of modern immunology and application Separation of immune cells; Protein summary technique; Phage display technique; Preparation of new animal model NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 The immune system Immune system Innate (non-specific) immunity accommodative (specific) immunity Anatom ic barriers (Skin,mucous membranes) •Physological barriers (temperature, pH) •Phagocytic Barriers (cells that eat invaders) • insurgent barriers (redness, swelling, heat and pain) •Antigen specificity •Diversity •Immunological memory • ego/nonself recognition NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Our immune systems generate an almost immortal variety of cells and substances Foreign Recognition Memory Upon 2° exposure produces enhanced response Effector Response To eliminate or neutralize particle *In some cases, the IR fails to function; at other times, the IR can turn on its hostNTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Humoral and cellular immunity (antibody mediated or cellular) NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 B cells Surface bound antibody Antibody secreting B cell Antigen B-cell dissolvable antibodies, circculate in the body NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Antibody secreting B cell B-cell virus killed NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Discussion Topics 1. Why do warm-blooded, long-lived animals a dopt particularly complex immune defense? †p4-DIR 2. Why would removal of Ag lead to the decline in an immune response? †p14-DIR And many more to seek in the DIR textbookHome works P18-DIR NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 The real ones Crawling Macrophage neutrophil and DCs NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY- An X soup • What is Immunology? What is Immune System (IS)? • History of Immunology • Cells and Soluble Mediators of IS= ? • Immune Respone- Pathogens (Ags): Innate and Adaptive Immunity- Collaboration Read DIR-page 1-18 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Once upon a time… There was a WARGAMES OF THRONES- MATTER OF â€Å"LIVE OR DIE” HAS IT ALREADY ENDED? NO, IT IS JUST A BEGINNING… NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013\r\n'